Blood and urinary cytokine balance and renal outcomes at orthopaedic surgery
BackgroundIn patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma surgery, acute kidney injury (AKI) can develop post-operatively and is a major cause of increased mortality and hospital stay time.Development of AKI is associated with three main processes: inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and hypoperfusion.In this study, we investigated whether r